Protein

One protein belonging to a gene is shown below. For more splice variants, go to the Gene Summary view by clicking on the Gene tab.

Human protein IDs in Ensembl begin with ENSP. A three-letter code is inserted for other species (for example, ENSMUSP... is a mouse protein). For information about colours and sources of transcripts, see the Gene Summary help. For more detail, see articles listed here.

The protein is displayed graphically as a long purple bar. Domains and variations (synonymous and non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphims (SNPs)) are mapped along the protein. Click on a coloured line corresponding to a protein domain or motif to see its position in the primary sequence.

Mapped domains are taken from the following sources:

• InterPro, which includes the SUPERFAMILY, SMART, PROSITE and PFAM databases.

Other motifs are annotated using:

• Coiled Coil Regions - The Ensembl analysis and annotation pipeline uses the ncoils program implemented by R.B. Russell and A.N. Lupas for coiled-coil domain characterisation and annotation. Rob Russel group at the EMBL Heidelberg provides a public service.

  Lupas A, Van Dyke M and Stock J.
  Predicting coiled coils from protein sequences.
  Science. 1991 May 24;252(5010):1162-1164.
  [PubMed]

• Low-Complexity Regions - Low complexity regions are annotated with the SEG program.

  Wootton, J. C. and S. Federhen
  Statistics of local complexity in amino acid sequences and sequence databases.
  Computers in Chemistry 1993; 17:149-163.
  doi:10.1016/0097-8485(93)85006-X

  Wootton, J. C. and S. Federhen.
  Analysis of compositionally biased regions in sequence databases.
  Methods in Enzymology 1996; 266: 554-571.
  doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(96)66035-2

• Signal Sequence Regions - are characterised with SignalP.

  Nielsen H, Engelbrecht J, Brunak S, von Heijne G.
  Identification of prokaryotic and eukaryotic signal peptides and prediction of their cleavage sites.
  Protein Eng. 1997 Jan;10(1):1-6.
  [Abstract] [Full Text PDF]

  Nielsen H, Krogh A.
  Prediction of signal peptides and signal anchors by a hidden Markov model.
  In J. Glasgow, T. Littlejohn, F. Major, R. Lathrop, D. Sankoff, and C. Sensen, editors
  Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology, pages 122-130, Menlo Park, CA, 1998. AAAI Press.
  [PubMed]

  Bendtsen JD, Nielsen H, von Heijne G, Brunak S.
  Improved prediction of signal peptides: SignalP 3.0.
  J Mol Biol. 2004 Jul 16;340(4):783-795.
  doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.028

• Transmembrane Regions - Ensembl uses TMHMM for the annotation of transmebrane helices.

  A. Krogh, B. Larsson, G. von Heijne, and E. L. L. Sonnhammer.
  Predicting transmembrane protein topology with a hidden Markov model: Application to complete genomes.
  Journal of Molecular Biology, 305(3):567-580, January 2001.
  doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.4315

  E. L.L. Sonnhammer, G. von Heijne, and A. Krogh.
  A hidden Markov model for predicting transmembrane helices in protein sequences.
  In J. Glasgow, T. Littlejohn, F. Major, R. Lathrop, D. Sankoff, and C. Sensen, editors
  Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology, pages 175-182, Menlo Park, CA, 1998. AAAI Press.
  [PubMed]