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Summary

Bio::RangeI - Range interface

Package variables

Included modules

Inherit

Bio::Root::RootI

Synopsis

  #Do not run this module directly

Description

This provides a standard BioPerl range interface that should be
implemented by any object that wants to be treated as a range. This
serves purely as an abstract base class for implementers and can not
be instantiated.
Ranges are modeled as having (start, end, length, strand). They use
Bio-coordinates - all points >= start and <= end are within the
range. End is always greater-than or equal-to start, and length is
greather than or equal to 1. The behaviour of a range is undefined if
ranges with negative numbers or zero are used.
So, in summary:

  length = end - start + 1
  end >= start
  strand = (-1 | 0 | +1)

Methods

Methods description

  Title   : contains
  Usage   : if($r1->contains($r2) { do stuff }
  Function: tests whether $r1 totally contains $r2 
  Args    : arg #1 = a range to compare this one to (mandatory)
	             alternatively, integer scalar to test
            arg #2 = strand option ('strong', 'weak', 'ignore') (optional)
  Returns : true if the argument is totaly contained within this range

  Title   : end
  Usage   : $end = $range->end();
  Function: get/set the end of this range
  Returns : the end of this range
  Args    : optionaly allows the end to be set
            using $range->end($end)

  Title   : equals
  Usage   : if($r1->equals($r2))
  Function: test whether $r1 has the same start, end, length as $r2
  Args    : a range to test for equality
  Returns : true if they are describing the same range

  Title   : intersection
  Usage   : ($start, $stop, $strand) = $r1->intersection($r2)
  Function: gives the range that is contained by both ranges
  Args    : arg #1 = a range to compare this one to (mandatory)
            arg #2 = strand option ('strong', 'weak', 'ignore') (optional)
  Returns : undef if they do not overlap, 
            or the range that they do overlap 
            (in an objectlike the calling one)

  Title   : length
  Usage   : $length = $range->length();
  Function: get/set the length of this range
  Returns : the length of this range
  Args    : optionaly allows the length to be set
             using $range->length($length)

 Title   : overlap_extent
 Usage   : ($a_unique,$common,$b_unique) = $a->overlap_extent($b)
 Function: Provides actual amount of overlap between two different
           ranges.
 Example :
 Returns : array of values for 
           - the amount unique to a
           - the amount common to both
           - the amount unique to b
 Args    : a range

  Title   : overlaps
  Usage   : if($r1->overlaps($r2)) { do stuff }
  Function: tests if $r2 overlaps $r1
  Args    : arg #1 = a range to compare this one to (mandatory)
            arg #2 = strand option ('strong', 'weak', 'ignore') (optional)
  Returns : true if the ranges overlap, false otherwise

  Title   : start
  Usage   : $start = $range->start();
  Function: get/set the start of this range
  Returns : the start of this range
  Args    : optionaly allows the start to be set
           using $range->start($start)

  Title   : strand
  Usage   : $strand = $range->strand();
  Function: get/set the strand of this range
  Returns : the strandidness (-1, 0, +1)
  Args    : optionaly allows the strand to be set
            using $range->strand($strand)

    Title   : union
    Usage   : ($start, $stop, $strand) = $r1->union($r2);
            : ($start, $stop, $strand) = Bio::RangeI->union(@ranges);
              my $newrange = Bio::RangeI->union(@ranges);
    Function: finds the minimal range that contains all of the ranges
    Args    : a range or list of ranges to find the union of
    Returns : the range object containing all of the ranges

Methods code

BEGIN {

# STRAND_OPTIONS contains the legal values for the strand options
    %STRAND_OPTIONS = map { $_, '_'.$_ }
    (
     'strong', # ranges must have the same strand
     'weak',   # ranges must have the same strand or no strand
     'ignore', # ignore strand information
     );

}

sub _ignore {

    return 1;
}

# works out what test to use for the strictness and returns true/false
# e.g. $r1->_testStrand($r2, 'strong')

}

sub _strong {

    my ($r1, $r2) = @_;
    my ($s1, $s2) = ($r1->strand(), $r2->strand());
    
    return 1 if $s1 != 0 && $s1 == $s2;
}

# returns true if strands are equal or either is zero

}

sub _testStrand() {

    my ($r1, $r2, $comp) = @_;
    return 1 unless $comp;
    my $func = $STRAND_OPTIONS{$comp};
    return $r1->$func($r2);

}

sub _weak {

    my ($r1, $r2) = @_;
    my ($s1, $s2) = ($r1->strand(), $r2->strand());
    return 1 if $s1 == 0 || $s2 == 0 || $s1 == $s2;
}

# returns true for any strandedness

}

sub contains {

  my ($self, $other, $so) = @_;
  $self->throw("start is undefined") unless defined $self->start;
  $self->throw("end is undefined") unless defined $self->end;

  if(defined $other && ref $other) { # a range object?
      $other->throw("Not a Bio::RangeI object") unless  $other->isa('Bio::RangeI');
      $other->throw("start is undefined") unless defined $other->start;
      $other->throw("end is undefined") unless defined $other->end;

      return ($self->_testStrand($other, $so)      and
	      $other->start() >= $self->start() and
	      $other->end() <= $self->end());
  } else { # a scalar?
      $self->throw("'$other' is not an integer.\n") unless $other =~ /^[-+]?\d+$/;
      return ($other >= $self->start() and $other <= $self->end());
  }

}

sub end {

    shift->throw_not_implemented();

}

sub equals {

    my ($self, $other, $so) = @_;

    $self->throw("start is undefined") unless defined $self->start;
    $self->throw("end is undefined") unless defined $self->end;
    $other->throw("Not a Bio::RangeI object") unless  $other->isa('Bio::RangeI');
    $other->throw("start is undefined") unless defined $other->start;
    $other->throw("end is undefined") unless defined $other->end;

    return ($self->_testStrand($other, $so)   and
	    $self->start() == $other->start() and
	    $self->end()   == $other->end()       );

}

sub intersection {

    my ($self, $other, $so) = @_;
    return unless $self->_testStrand($other, $so);

    $self->throw("start is undefined") unless defined $self->start;
    $self->throw("end is undefined") unless defined $self->end;
    $other->throw("Not a Bio::RangeI object") unless  $other->isa('Bio::RangeI');
    $other->throw("start is undefined") unless defined $other->start;
    $other->throw("end is undefined") unless defined $other->end;

    my @start = sort {$a<=>$b}
    ($self->start(), $other->start());
    my @end   = sort {$a<=>$b}
    ($self->end(),   $other->end());

    my $start = pop @start;
    my $end = shift @end;

    my $union_strand;  # Strand for the union range object.

    if($self->strand == $other->strand) {
	$union_strand = $other->strand;
    } else {
	$union_strand = 0;
    }

    if($start > $end) {
	return undef;
    } else {
	return $self->new('-start' => $start,
			  '-end' => $end,
			  '-strand' => $union_strand
			  );
	#return ($start, $end, $union_strand);
    }

}

sub length {

    shift->throw_not_implemented();

}

sub overlap_extent {

    my ($a,$b) = @_;

    $a->throw("start is undefined") unless defined $a->start;
    $a->throw("end is undefined") unless defined $a->end;
    $b->throw("Not a Bio::RangeI object") unless  $b->isa('Bio::RangeI');
    $b->throw("start is undefined") unless defined $b->start;
    $b->throw("end is undefined") unless defined $b->end;
    
    my ($au,$bu,$is,$ie);
    if( ! $a->overlaps($b) ) {
	return ($a->length,0,$b->length);
    }

    if( $a->start < $b->start ) {
	$au = $b->start - $a->start;
    } else {
	$bu = $a->start - $b->start;
    }

    if( $a->end > $b->end ) {
	$au += $a->end - $b->end;
    } else {
	$bu += $b->end - $a->end;
    }
    my $intersect = $a->intersection($b);
    $ie = $intersect->end;
    $is = $intersect->start;

    return ($au,$ie-$is+1,$bu);
}

1;

}

sub overlaps {

    my ($self, $other, $so) = @_;
    
    $self->throw("start is undefined") unless defined $self->start;
    $self->throw("end is undefined") unless defined $self->end;
    $self->throw("not a Bio::RangeI object") unless defined $other && 
	$other->isa('Bio::RangeI');
    $other->throw("start is undefined") unless defined $other->start;
    $other->throw("end is undefined") unless defined $other->end;
    
    return
	($self->_testStrand($other, $so) 
	 and not (
		  ($self->start() > $other->end() or
		   $self->end() < $other->start()   )
		  ));

}

sub start {

    shift->throw_not_implemented();

}

sub strand {

    shift->throw_not_implemented();

}

sub union {

    my $self = shift;
    my @ranges = @_;
    if(ref $self) {
	unshift @ranges, $self;
    }

    my @start = sort {$a<=>$b}
    map( { $_->start() } @ranges);
    my @end   = sort {$a<=>$b}
    map( { $_->end()   } @ranges);

    my $start = shift @start;
    while( !defined $start ) {
	$start = shift @start;
    }

    my $end = pop @end;

    my $union_strand;  # Strand for the union range object.

    foreach(@ranges) {
	if(! defined $union_strand) {
	    $union_strand = $_->strand;
	    next;
	} else {
	    if($union_strand ne $_->strand) {
		$union_strand = 0;
		last;
	    }
	}
    }
    return undef unless $start or $end;
    if( wantarray() ) {
	return ( $start,$end,$union_strand);
    } else { 
	return $self->new('-start' => $start,
			  '-end' => $end,
			  '-strand' => $union_strand
			  );
    }

}

General documentation

User feedback is an integral part of the evolution of this and other
Bioperl modules. Send your comments and suggestions preferably to one
of the Bioperl mailing lists. Your participation is much appreciated.

  bioperl-l@bioperl.org                         - General discussion
  http://bio.perl.org/MailList.html             - About the mailing lists

Report bugs to the Bioperl bug tracking system to help us keep track
the bugs and their resolution. Bug reports can be submitted via email
or the web:

  bioperl-bugs@bio.perl.org
  http://bugzilla.bioperl.org/

Email: heikki@ebi.ac.uk

Juha Muilu (muilu@ebi.ac.uk)

The rest of the documentation details each of the object
methods. Internal methods are usually preceded with a _

These methods must be implemented in all subclasses.

These methods return true or false. They throw an error if start and
end are not defined.

  $range->overlaps($otherRange) && print "Ranges overlap\n";

These methods do things to the geometry of ranges, and return
Bio::RangeI compliant objects or triplets (start, stop, strand) from
which new ranges could be built.