my $type = shift || "tcp";
    my $sock;
    my $port;
    while (!$sock) {
        $port = int(rand(20000)) + 30000;
        $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new(LocalAddr => '127.0.0.1',
                                      LocalPort => $port,
                                      Proto     => $type,
                                      ReuseAddr => 1);
    }
    return $port;

    # works on single-line values only.  no newlines in value.
    my ($sock_opts, $key, $val, $msg) = @_;
    my $opts = ref $sock_opts eq "HASH" ? $sock_opts : {};
    my $sock = ref $sock_opts eq "HASH" ? $opts->{sock} : $sock_opts;

    my $expect_flags = $opts->{flags} || 0;
    my $dval = defined $val ? "'$val'" : "<undef>";
    $msg ||= "$key == $dval";

    print $sock "get $key\r\n";
    if (! defined $val) {
        my $line = scalar <$sock>;
        if ($line =~ /^VALUE/) {
            $line .= scalar(<$sock>) . scalar(<$sock>);
        }
        Test::More::is($line, "END\r\n", $msg);
    } else {
        my $len = length($val);
        my $body = scalar(<$sock>);
        my $expected = "VALUE $key $expect_flags $len\r\n$val\r\nEND\r\n";
        if (!$body || $body =~ /^END/) {
            Test::More::is($body, $expected, $msg);
            return;
        }
        $body .= scalar(<$sock>) . scalar(<$sock>);
        Test::More::is($body, $expected, $msg);
    }

  # works on single-line values only.  no newlines in value.
  my ($sock_opts, $key) = @_;
  my $opts = ref $sock_opts eq "HASH" ? $sock_opts : {};
  my $sock = ref $sock_opts eq "HASH" ? $opts->{sock} : $sock_opts;
  my $val;
  my $expect_flags = $opts->{flags} || 0;

  print $sock "gets $key\r\n";
  my $response = <$sock>;
  if ($response =~ /^END/) {
    return "NOT_FOUND";
  }
  else
  {
    $response =~ /VALUE (.*) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+)/;
    my $flags = $2;
    my $len = $3;
    my $identifier = $4;
    read $sock, $val , $len;
    # get the END
    $_ = <$sock>;
    $_ = <$sock>;

    return ($identifier,$val);    
  }

    # works on single-line values only.  no newlines in value.
    my ($sock_opts, $identifier, $key, $val, $msg) = @_;
    my $opts = ref $sock_opts eq "HASH" ? $sock_opts : {};
    my $sock = ref $sock_opts eq "HASH" ? $opts->{sock} : $sock_opts;

    my $expect_flags = $opts->{flags} || 0;
    my $dval = defined $val ? "'$val'" : "<undef>";
    $msg ||= "$key == $dval";

    print $sock "gets $key\r\n";
    if (! defined $val) {
        my $line = scalar <$sock>;
        if ($line =~ /^VALUE/) {
            $line .= scalar(<$sock>) . scalar(<$sock>);
        }
        Test::More::is($line, "END\r\n", $msg);
    } else {
        my $len = length($val);
        my $body = scalar(<$sock>);
        my $expected = "VALUE $key $expect_flags $len $identifier\r\n$val\r\nEND\r\n";
        if (!$body || $body =~ /^END/) {
            Test::More::is($body, $expected, $msg);
            return;
        }
        $body .= scalar(<$sock>) . scalar(<$sock>);
        Test::More::is($body, $expected, $msg);
    }

    my ($sock, $type) = @_;
    $type = $type ? " $type" : "";
    print $sock "stats$type\r\n";
    my $stats = {};
    while (<$sock>) {
        last if /^(\.|END)/;
        /^STAT (\S+) (\d+)/;
        #print " slabs: $_";
        $stats->{$1} = $2;
    }
    return $stats;

    my ($args, $passed_port) = @_;
    my $port = $passed_port || free_port();
    my $udpport = free_port("udp");
    $args .= " -p $port";
    if (supports_udp()) {
        $args .= " -U $udpport";
    }
    if ($< == 0) {
        $args .= " -u root";
    }
    my $childpid = fork();

    my $exe = "$builddir/memcached-debug";
    croak("memcached binary doesn't exist.  Haven't run 'make' ?\n") unless -e $exe;
    croak("memcached binary not executable\n") unless -x _;

    unless ($childpid) {
        exec "$exe $args";
        exit; # never gets here.
    }

    # unix domain sockets
    if ($args =~ /-s (\S+)/) {
        sleep 1;
	my $filename = $1;
	my $conn = IO::Socket::UNIX->new(Peer => $filename) || 
	    croak("Failed to connect to unix domain socket: $! '$filename'");

	return Memcached::Handle->new(pid  => $childpid,
				      conn => $conn,
				      domainsocket => $filename,
				      port => $port);
    }

    # try to connect / find open port, only if we're not using unix domain
    # sockets

    for (1..20) {
	my $conn = IO::Socket::INET->new(PeerAddr => "127.0.0.1:$port");
	if ($conn) {
	    return Memcached::Handle->new(pid  => $childpid,
					  conn => $conn,
					  udpport => $udpport,
					  port => $port);
	}
	select undef, undef, undef, 0.10;
    }
    croak("Failed to startup/connect to memcached server.");
}

############################################################################
package Memcached::Handle;

    my $n = shift;
    select undef, undef, undef, $n;

    my $output = `$builddir/memcached-debug -h`;
    return 0 if $output =~ /^memcached 1\.1\./;
    return 1;