Bio PrimarySeqI
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Summary
Bio::PrimarySeqI [Developers] - Interface definition for a Bio::PrimarySeq
Package variables
No package variables defined.
Included modules
Bio::Root::RootI
Bio::Tools::CodonTable
Inherit
Bio::Root::RootI
Synopsis
    # Bio::PrimarySeqI is the interface class for sequences.
# If you are a newcomer to bioperl, you should # start with Bio::Seq documentation. This # documentation is mainly for developers using # Bioperl. # to test this is a seq object $obj->isa("Bio::PrimarySeqI") || $obj->throw("$obj does not implement the Bio::PrimarySeqI interface"); # accessors $string = $obj->seq(); $substring = $obj->subseq(12,50); $display = $obj->display_id(); # for human display $id = $obj->primary_id(); # unique id for this object, # implementation defined $unique_key= $obj->accession_number(); # unique biological id # object manipulation eval { $rev = $obj->revcom(); }; if( $@ ) { $obj->throw("Could not reverse complement. ". "Probably not DNA. Actual exception\n$@\n"); } $trunc = $obj->trunc(12,50); # $rev and $trunc are Bio::PrimarySeqI compliant objects
Description
This object defines an abstract interface to basic sequence
information - for most users of the package the documentation (and
methods) in this class are not useful - this is a developers only
class which defines what methods have to be implmented by other Perl
objects to comply to the Bio::PrimarySeqI interface. Go "perldoc
Bio::Seq" or "man Bio::Seq" for more information on the main class for
sequences.
PrimarySeq is an object just for the sequence and its name(s), nothing
more. Seq is the larger object complete with features. There is a pure
perl implementation of this in Bio::PrimarySeq. If you just want to
use Bio::PrimarySeq objects, then please read that module first. This
module defines the interface, and is of more interest to people who
want to wrap their own Perl Objects/RDBs/FileSystems etc in way that
they "are" bioperl sequence objects, even though it is not using Perl
to store the sequence etc.
This interface defines what bioperl consideres necessary to "be" a
sequence, without providing an implementation of this. (An
implementation is provided in Bio::PrimarySeq). If you want to provide
a Bio::PrimarySeq 'compliant' object which in fact wraps another
object/database/out-of-perl experience, then this is the correct thing
to wrap, generally by providing a wrapper class which would inheriet
from your object and this Bio::PrimarySeqI interface. The wrapper class
then would have methods lists in the "Implementation Specific
Functions" which would provide these methods for your object.
Methods
_attempt_to_load_SeqDescriptionCode
accession_numberDescriptionCode
alphabetDescriptionCode
can_call_newDescriptionCode
descDescriptionCode
display_idDescriptionCode
idDescriptionCode
is_circularDescriptionCode
lengthDescriptionCode
moltype
No description
Code
primary_idDescriptionCode
revcomDescriptionCode
seqDescriptionCode
subseqDescriptionCode
translateDescriptionCode
truncDescriptionCode
Methods description
_attempt_to_load_Seqcode    nextTop
 Title   : _attempt_to_load_Seq
Usage :
Function:
Example :
Returns :
Args :
accession_numbercodeprevnextTop
 Title   : accession_number
Usage : $unique_biological_key = $obj->accession_number;
Function: Returns the unique biological id for a sequence, commonly
called the accession_number. For sequences from established
databases, the implementors should try to use the correct
accession number. Notice that primary_id() provides the
unique id for the implemetation, allowing multiple objects
to have the same accession number in a particular implementation.
For sequences with no accession number, this method should return "unknown". Returns : A string Args : None Status : Virtual
alphabetcodeprevnextTop
 Title   : alphabet
Usage : if( $obj->alphabet eq 'dna' ) { /Do Something/ }
Function: Returns the type of sequence being one of
'dna', 'rna' or 'protein'. This is case sensitive.
This is not called because this would cause upgrade problems from the 0.5 and earlier Seq objects. Returns : a string either 'dna','rna','protein'. NB - the object must make a call of the type - if there is no type specified it has to guess. Args : none Status : Virtual
can_call_newcodeprevnextTop
 Title   : can_call_new
Usage : if( $obj->can_call_new ) {
$newobj = $obj->new( %param );
}
Function: can_call_new returns 1 or 0 depending
on whether an implementation allows new
constructor to be called. If a new constructor
is allowed, then it should take the followed hashed
constructor list.
$myobject->new( -seq => $sequence_as_string, -display_id => $id -accession_number => $accession -alphabet => 'dna', ); Example : Returns : 1 or 0 Args :
desccodeprevnextTop
 Title   : desc
Usage : $seq->desc($newval);
$description = $seq->desc();
Function: Get/set description text for a seq object
Example :
Returns : value of desc
Args : newvalue (optional)
display_idcodeprevnextTop
 Title   : display_id
Usage : $id_string = $obj->display_id();
Function: returns the display id, aka the common name of the Sequence object.
The semantics of this is that it is the most likely string to be used as an identifier of the sequence, and likely to have "human" readability. The id is equivalent to the ID field of the GenBank/EMBL databanks and the id field of the Swissprot/sptrembl database. In fasta format, the >(\S+) is presumed to be the id, though some people overload the id to embed other information. Bioperl does not use any embedded information in the ID field, and people are encouraged to use other mechanisms (accession field for example, or extending the sequence object) to solve this. Notice that $seq->id() maps to this function, mainly for legacy/convience issues Returns : A string Args : None Status : Virtual
idcodeprevnextTop
 Title   : id
Usage : $id = $seq->id()
Function: ID of the sequence. This should normally be (and actually is in
the implementation provided here) just a synonym for display_id().
Example :
Returns : A string.
Args :
is_circularcodeprevnextTop
 Title   : is_circular
Usage : if( $obj->is_circular) { /Do Something/ }
Function: Returns true if the molecule is circular
Returns : Boolean value
Args : none
lengthcodeprevnextTop
 Title   : length
Usage : $len = $seq->length()
Function:
Example :
Returns : integer representing the length of the sequence.
Args :
primary_idcodeprevnextTop
 Title   : primary_id
Usage : $unique_implementation_key = $obj->primary_id;
Function: Returns the unique id for this object in this
implementation. This allows implementations to manage their
own object ids in a way the implementaiton can control
clients can expect one id to map to one object.
For sequences with no accession number, this method should return a stringified memory location. [Note this method name is likely to change in 1.3] Returns : A string Args : None Status : Virtual
revcomcodeprevnextTop
 Title   : revcom
Usage : $rev = $seq->revcom()
Function: Produces a new Bio::PrimarySeqI implementing object which
is the reversed complement of the sequence. For protein
sequences this throws an exception of "Sequence is a
protein. Cannot revcom"
The id is the same id as the original sequence, and the accession number is also indentical. If someone wants to track that this sequence has be reversed, it needs to define its own extensions To do an inplace edit of an object you can go: $seq = $seq->revcom(); This of course, causes Perl to handle the garbage collection of the old object, but it is roughly speaking as efficient as an inplace edit. Returns : A new (fresh) Bio::PrimarySeqI object Args : none
seqcodeprevnextTop
 Title   : seq
Usage : $string = $obj->seq()
Function: Returns the sequence as a string of letters. The
case of the letters is left up to the implementer.
Suggested cases are upper case for proteins and lower case for
DNA sequence (IUPAC standard),
but implementations are suggested to keep an open mind about
case (some users... want mixed case!)
Returns : A scalar
Status : Virtual
subseqcodeprevnextTop
 Title   : subseq
Usage : $substring = $obj->subseq(10,40);
Function: returns the subseq from start to end, where the first base
is 1 and the number is inclusive, ie 1-2 are the first two
bases of the sequence
Start cannot be larger than end but can be equal Returns : a string Args : Status : Virtual
translatecodeprevnextTop
 Title   : translate
Usage : $protein_seq_obj = $dna_seq_obj->translate
#if full CDS expected:
$protein_seq_obj = $cds_seq_obj->translate(undef,undef,undef,undef,1);
Function:
Provides the translation of the DNA sequence using full IUPAC ambiguities in DNA/RNA and amino acid codes. The full CDS translation is identical to EMBL/TREMBL database translation. Note that the trailing terminator character is removed before returning the translation object. Note: if you set $dna_seq_obj->verbose(1) you will get a warning if the first codon is not a valid initiator. Returns : A Bio::PrimarySeqI implementing object Args : character for terminator (optional) defaults to '*' character for unknown amino acid (optional) defaults to 'X' frame (optional) valid values 0, 1, 2, defaults to 0 codon table id (optional) defaults to 1 complete coding sequence expected, defaults to 0 (false) boolean, throw exception if not complete CDS (true) or defaults to warning (false) coding sequence expected to be complete at 5', defaults to false coding sequence expected to be complete at 3', defaults to false
trunccodeprevnextTop
 Title   : trunc
Usage : $subseq = $myseq->trunc(10,100);
Function: Provides a truncation of a sequence,
Example : Returns : a fresh Bio::PrimarySeqI implementing object Args : Two integers denoting first and last base of the sub-sequence.
Methods code
_attempt_to_load_SeqdescriptionprevnextTop
sub _attempt_to_load_Seq {
   my ($self) = @_;

   if( $main::{'Bio::PrimarySeq'} ) {
       return 1;
   } else {
       eval {
	   require Bio::PrimarySeq;
       };
       if( $@ ) {
	   my $text = "Bio::PrimarySeq could not be loaded for [$self]\n".
	       "This indicates that you are using Bio::PrimarySeqI ".
	       "without Bio::PrimarySeq loaded or without providing a ".
	       "complete implementation.\nThe most likely problem is that there ".
	       "has been a misconfiguration of the bioperl environment\n".
	       "Actual exception:\n\n";
	   $self->throw("$text$@\n");
	   return 0;
       }
       return 1;
   }

}

1;
}
accession_numberdescriptionprevnextTop
sub accession_number {
   my ($self,@args) = @_;
   $self->throw_not_implemented();
}
alphabetdescriptionprevnextTop
sub alphabet {
    my ( $self ) = @_;
    $self->throw_not_implemented();
}
can_call_newdescriptionprevnextTop
sub can_call_new {
   my ($self,@args) = @_;

   # we default to 0 here
return 0;
}
descdescriptionprevnextTop
sub desc {
   my ($self,$value) = @_;
   $self->throw_not_implemented();
}
display_iddescriptionprevnextTop
sub display_id {
   my ($self) = @_;
   $self->throw_not_implemented();
}
iddescriptionprevnextTop
sub id {
   return shift->display_id();
}
is_circulardescriptionprevnextTop
sub is_circular {
    shift->throw_not_implemented();
}
lengthdescriptionprevnextTop
sub length {
   shift->throw_not_implemented();
}
moltypedescriptionprevnextTop
sub moltype {
   my ($self,@args) = @_;

   $self->warn("moltype: pre v1.0 method. Calling alphabet() instead...");
   $self->alphabet(@args);
}
primary_iddescriptionprevnextTop
sub primary_id {
   my ($self,@args) = @_;
   $self->throw_not_implemented();
}
revcomdescriptionprevnextTop
sub revcom {
   my ($self) = @_;

   # check the type is good first.
my $t = $self->alphabet; if( $t eq 'protein' ) { $self->throw("Sequence is a protein. Cannot revcom"); } if( $t ne 'dna' && $t ne 'rna' ) { if( $self->can('warn') ) { $self->warn("Sequence is not dna or rna, but [$t]. ". "Attempting to revcom, but unsure if this is right"); } else { warn("[$self] Sequence is not dna or rna, but [$t]. ". "Attempting to revcom, but unsure if this is right"); } } # yank out the sequence string
my $str = $self->seq(); # if is RNA - map to DNA then map back
if( $t eq 'rna' ) { $str =~ tr/uU/tT/; } # revcom etc...
$str =~ tr/acgtrymkswhbvdnxACGTRYMKSWHBVDNX/tgcayrkmswdvbhnxTGCAYRKMSWDVBHNX/; my $revseq = CORE::reverse $str; if( $t eq 'rna' ) { $revseq =~ tr/tT/uU/; } my $seqclass; if($self->can_call_new()) { $seqclass = ref($self); } else { $seqclass = 'Bio::PrimarySeq'; $self->_attempt_to_load_Seq(); } my $out = $seqclass->new( '-seq' => $revseq, '-display_id' => $self->display_id, '-accession_number' => $self->accession_number, '-alphabet' => $self->alphabet, '-desc' => $self->desc(), '-verbose' => $self->verbose ); return $out;
}
seqdescriptionprevnextTop
sub seq {
   my ($self) = @_;
   $self->throw_not_implemented();
}
subseqdescriptionprevnextTop
sub subseq {
   my ($self) = @_;
   $self->throw_not_implemented();
}
translatedescriptionprevnextTop
sub translate {
    my($self) = shift;
    my($stop, $unknown, $frame, $tableid, $fullCDS, $throw, $complete5,
$complete3) = @_;
    my($i, $len, $output) = (0,0,'');
    my($codon)   = "";
    my $aa;

    ## User can pass in symbol for stop and unknown codons
unless(defined($stop) and $stop ne '') { $stop = "*"; } unless(defined($unknown) and $unknown ne '') { $unknown = "X"; } unless(defined($frame) and $frame ne '') { $frame = 0; } ## the codon table ID
unless(defined($tableid) and $tableid ne '') { $tableid = 1; } ##Error if monomer is "Amino"
$self->throw("Can't translate an amino acid sequence.") if ($self->alphabet eq 'protein'); ##Error if frame is not 0, 1 or 2
$self->throw("Valid values for frame are 0, 1, 2, not [$frame].") unless ($frame == 0 or $frame == 1 or $frame == 2); #warns if ID is invalid
my $codonTable = Bio::Tools::CodonTable->new( -id => $tableid); my ($seq) = $self->seq(); # deal with frame offset.
if( $frame ) { $seq = substr ($seq,$frame); } # Translate it
$output = $codonTable->translate($seq); # Use user-input stop/unknown
$output =~ s/\*/$stop/g; $output =~ s/X/$unknown/g; # $complete5 and $complete3 indicate completeness of
# the coding sequence at the 5' and 3' ends. Complete
# if true, default to false. These are in addition to
# $fullCDS, for backwards compatibility
defined($complete5) or ($complete5 = $fullCDS ? 1 : 0); defined($complete3) or ($complete3 = $fullCDS ? 1 : 0); my $id = $self->display_id; # only if we are expecting to be complete at the 5' end
if($complete5) { # if the initiator codon is not ATG, the amino acid needs to changed into M
if(substr($output,0,1) ne 'M') { if($codonTable->is_start_codon(substr($seq, 0, 3)) ) { $output = 'M' . substr($output, 1); } elsif($throw) { $self->throw("Seq [$id]: Not using a valid initiator codon!"); } else { $self->warn("Seq [$id]: Not using a valid initiator codon!"); } } } # only if we are expecting to be complete at the 3' end
if($complete3) { #remove the stop character
if(substr($output, -1, 1) eq $stop) { chop $output; } else { $throw && $self->throw("Seq [$id]: Not using a valid terminator codon!"); $self->warn("Seq [$id]: Not using a valid terminator codon!"); } } # only if we are expecting to translate a complete coding region
if($complete5 and $complete3) { # test if there are terminator characters inside the protein sequence!
if($output =~ /\*/) { $throw && $self->throw("Seq [$id]: Terminator codon inside CDS!"); $self->warn("Seq [$id]: Terminator codon inside CDS!"); } } my $seqclass; if($self->can_call_new()) { $seqclass = ref($self); } else { $seqclass = 'Bio::PrimarySeq'; $self->_attempt_to_load_Seq(); } my $out = $seqclass->new( '-seq' => $output, '-display_id' => $self->display_id, '-accession_number' => $self->accession_number, # is there anything wrong with retaining the
# description?
'-desc' => $self->desc(), '-alphabet' => 'protein', '-verbose' => $self->verbose ); return $out;
}
truncdescriptionprevnextTop
sub trunc {
   my ($self,$start,$end) = @_;

   my $str;
   if( defined $start && ref($start) &&
       $start->isa('Bio::LocationI') ) {
       $str = $self->subseq($start); # start is a location actually
} elsif( !$end ) { $self->throw("trunc start,end -- there was no end for $start"); } elsif( $end < $start ) { my $msg = "start [$start] is greater than end [$end].\n ". "If you want to truncated and reverse complement,\n ". "you must call trunc followed by revcom. Sorry."; $self->throw($msg); } else { $str = $self->subseq($start,$end); } my $seqclass; if($self->can_call_new()) { $seqclass = ref($self); } else { $seqclass = 'Bio::PrimarySeq'; $self->_attempt_to_load_Seq(); } my $out = $seqclass->new( '-seq' => $str, '-display_id' => $self->display_id, '-accession_number' => $self->accession_number, '-alphabet' => $self->alphabet, '-desc' => $self->desc(), '-verbose' => $self->verbose ); return $out;
}
General documentation
FEEDBACKTop
Mailing ListsTop
User feedback is an integral part of the evolution of this and other
Bioperl modules. Send your comments and suggestions preferably to one
of the Bioperl mailing lists. Your participation is much appreciated.
  bioperl-l@bioperl.org                       - General discussion
http://bio.perl.org/MailList.html - About the mailing lists
Reporting BugsTop
Report bugs to the Bioperl bug tracking system to help us keep track
the bugs and their resolution. Bug reports can be submitted via email
or the web:
  bioperl-bugs@bio.perl.org
http://bugzilla.bioperl.org/
AUTHOR - Ewan BirneyTop
Email birney@sanger.ac.uk
APPENDIXTop
The rest of the documentation details each of the object
methods. Internal methods are usually preceded with a _
Implementation Specific FunctionsTop
These functions are the ones that a specific implementation must
define.
Optional Implementation FunctionsTop
The following functions rely on the above functions. An
implementing class does not need to provide these functions, as they
will be provided by this class, but is free to override these
functions.
All of revcom(), trunc(), and translate() create new sequence
objects. They will call new() on the class of the sequence object
instance passed as argument, unless can_call_new() returns FALSE. In
the latter case a Bio::PrimarySeq object will be created. Implementors
which really want to control how objects are created (eg, for object
persistence over a database, or objects in a CORBA framework), they
are encouraged to override these methods
Private functionsTop
These are some private functions for the PrimarySeqI interface. You do not
need to implement these functions